The difference between primary culture and pass culture in cell test
The difference between primary culture and pass culture in cell test
Primary culture and pass-through culture are two basic concepts in cell culture experiments, and there are some differences in the source, culture process and characteristics of cells. Here are some of the main differences between the two:
1. Cell source
Primary culture: Primary culture refers to the culture of cells directly isolated from the tissue of an organism. These cells usually come from biopsy samples or surgically removed tissue. The primary cultured cells have not been artificially selected or adapted by any laboratory.
Passage culture: Passage culture refers to the cells that have been isolated and cultured for the first time and have been divided and proliferated several times in vitro. These cells have adapted to artificial culture conditions and can multiply many times through passage.
2. Cultivation process
Primary culture: The process of primary culture usually includes the steps of tissue dissociation, cell isolation, planting and culture. The goal of primary cell culture is to obtain a sufficient number of cells for further experimental study or to establish a stable cell line.
Passage culture: The process of passage culture involves separating cells that have adapted to in vitro culture conditions from the culture container and then replanting them into a new culture container for further culture. Passage culture usually needs to be performed when cells reach a certain density or when contact inhibition occurs.
3. Cell characteristics
Primary culture: Primary cells usually have biological characteristics closer to the natural state, including gene expression, enzyme activity, signal transduction, etc. These properties make primary cells an important tool for studying cell behavior under physiological and pathological conditions.
Passage culture: Passage cells may undergo some biological changes due to long-term growth in vitro environment. These changes may include changes in gene expression, variations in cell morphology, and increases in growth rates. Therefore, passing cells may need to be identified and validated to ensure that they still have the desired biological properties.
4. Culture results
Primary culture: The obtained cells are much similar to the original tissues in vivo in terms of morphology, structure and functional activities, and are closer to the living conditions in vivo. This culture method is often used to study the growth, metabolism and reproduction of cells under physiological conditions.
Passage culture: Because the cells have adapted to the environment in vitro and proliferate rapidly, passage culture is generally suitable for obtaining a large number of cells of the same species to meet experimental needs, such as the construction of tissue engineering products, drug screening and toxicity testing.
5. Application field
Primary culture: Primary cells are often used in drug screening, toxicology testing, disease model research and other fields. Because it retains the natural properties of living organisms, it is considered a model system that more closely resembles conditions in the body.
Passage culture: Passage cells are widely used in a variety of biological studies, including gene expression regulation, signal transduction, and cell cycle regulation. The stability and consistency of passing cell lines make them ideal models for studying cell biological mechanisms.
6. Precautions
Primary culture: strict control of aseptic conditions is required to avoid cell contamination; Pay attention to the survival rate and purity of cells to avoid the mixing of other cell types; And consider the phenotypic and genotypic changes that may occur in the cell in vitro environment.
Passage culture: It is necessary to pay attention to the growth status and morphological changes of cells, and regularly check whether there is pollution or variation of cells; Pay attention to the number of passages, as too much passage may lead to cell aging or transformation.
In conclusion, there are significant differences between primary culture and pass culture in cell source, culture process and cell characteristics. Which culture method you choose depends on the purpose and needs of the experiment. When conducting cell experiments, appropriate culture methods should be selected according to specific research objectives and cell types, and strict operating procedures should be followed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.
